{"id":23373,"date":"2022-07-04T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T13:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/?p=23373"},"modified":"2022-06-20T16:10:26","modified_gmt":"2022-06-20T14:10:26","slug":"annulation-marque-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/annulation-marque-france\/","title":{"rendered":"Annulation de la marque France.com"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans un arr\u00eat rendu par la Cour de cassation<\/a> le 20 avril 2022, l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais obtient l\u2019annulation de la marque France.com en ce qu\u2019elle porte atteinte \u00e0 ses droits ant\u00e9rieurs. La marque appartient \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de droit am\u00e9ricain. Elle est enregistr\u00e9e en France pour diverses classes de produits dont des v\u00eatements, chaussures, chapeaux, des services de banque et d\u2019assurance, de t\u00e9l\u00e9communication ou encore de transports. L\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais estime avoir un droit sur l’appellation France. Il demande et obtient en cassation l\u2019annulation de la marque et le transfert \u00e0 son profit du nom de domaine france.com.<\/p>\n

Droit de l’\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais sur l’appellation France<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019article L 711-3<\/a> du Code de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle<\/a> dispose qu\u2019un signe ne peut pas \u00eatre adopt\u00e9 comme marque lorsqu\u2019il porte atteinte \u00e0 des droits ant\u00e9rieurs.

Parmi les\u202fdroits ant\u00e9rieurs susceptibles de faire obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement d\u2019une marque, le texte vise notamment :
– La d\u00e9nomination sociale, le nom commercial ou l\u2019enseigne, connus sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019un risque de confusion est possible ;
– Les droits de la personnalit\u00e9 comme le nom de famille ou le droit \u00e0 l\u2019image.

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tentrice de France.com soutient en revanche que rien ne semble a priori justifier qu\u2019un \u00c9tat puisse revendiquer un droit sur son nom. Toutefois, dans l\u2019arr\u00eat en date du 20 avril 2022<\/a>, les juges de la Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation estiment que l’\u00e9num\u00e9ration du Code de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle n’est pas limitative. De m\u00eame, le droit europ\u00e9en<\/a> affirme qu\u2019un \u00c9tat membre peut interdire l\u2019enregistrement d\u2019une marque en vertu d’un droit ant\u00e9rieur, notamment d’un droit au nom ou d’un droit \u00e0 l’image.

La cour consid\u00e8re ainsi que l’appellation France constitue un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d’identit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais. Elle fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 son territoire g\u00e9ographique, son identit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, historique, politique et culturelle. \u00c0 ce titre, la marque France.com peut cr\u00e9er une confusion dans l\u2019esprit du public. D\u2019autant que le suffixe .com pourrait laisser penser que les produits ou services distribu\u00e9s \u00e9manent d\u2019un service officiel de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Cela justifie pleinement de revendiquer un droit ant\u00e9rieur au sens du Code de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle.<\/p>\n

Pas de forclusion par tol\u00e9rance<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Selon l\u2019article L 716-2-8 du Code de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, le titulaire d’un droit ant\u00e9rieur ne peut pas agir en nullit\u00e9 d’une marque post\u00e9rieure lorsqu\u2019elle est d\u00e9pos\u00e9e de bonne foi et qu\u2019il en a tol\u00e9r\u00e9 l’usage pendant 5 ans. C\u2019est sur ce motif que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 soul\u00e8ve la forclusion de l’action introduite par l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais, plus de 5 ans apr\u00e8s l’enregistrement de la marque.

Mais la forclusion par tol\u00e9rance suppose de d\u00e9montrer, d\u2019une part, un usage honn\u00eate et continu de la marque depuis plus de 5 ans, et d\u2019autre part, la connaissance de la marque dans ce d\u00e9lai par celui qui se pr\u00e9vaut d\u2019un droit ant\u00e9rieur. Le seul enregistrement de la marque ne saurait en effet constituer le point de d\u00e9part de la forclusion. Selon une jurisprudence constante<\/a>, c\u2019est donc \u00e0 celui qui invoque la forclusion par tol\u00e9rance d\u2019en apporter la preuve.<\/p>\n

Transfert du nom de domaine<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pour s\u2019opposer au transfert du nom de domaine \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais, le d\u00e9positaire de France.com invoque un droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 garanti par l’article 1er de la CEDH. Selon les juges, le titulaire d’un nom de domaine peut se pr\u00e9valoir d’un int\u00e9r\u00eat patrimonial prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par la Convention lorsque les pr\u00e9rogatives dont il se pr\u00e9vaut sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par le droit interne applicable. Or, l\u2019usage d’un nom de domaine ne peut faire l’objet d’une protection en droit interne qu\u2019\u00e0 la condition qu’il ne porte pas atteinte aux droits des tiers.

En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, l\u2019exploitation du nom de domaine semble litigieuse d\u00e8s lors que son titulaire laisse planer l\u2019apparente cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un service de l’\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais ou \u00e0 un tiers autoris\u00e9. Il s\u2019en sert comme argument commercial dans la vente de produits ou services, puis dans l\u2019objectif de revendre le nom de domaine. D\u00e8s lors, le transfert du nom de domaine \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais semble parfaitement justifi\u00e9. D\u2019ailleurs, l\u2019argument juridique du droit absolu de jouir et de disposer des choses en vertu des articles 544 et 545 du Code civil est inop\u00e9rant. Le transfert du nom de domaine n\u2019est pas une atteinte \u00e0 son droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Image : Nathana Rebou\u00e7as<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans un arr\u00eat rendu par la Cour de cassation le 20 avril 2022, l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais obtient l\u2019annulation de la marque France.com en ce qu\u2019elle porte atteinte \u00e0 ses droits ant\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[274],"tags":[768,710,382],"class_list":["post-23373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle-numerique","tag-nom-commercial","tag-nom-de-domaine","tag-propriete-intellectuelle"],"yoast_head":"\nAnnulation de la marque France.com - Le blog Avoloi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Annulation de la marque France.com, quels sont les droits de l'\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais sur l'appellation France ? 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