{"id":23249,"date":"2022-05-23T11:13:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T09:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/?p=23249"},"modified":"2022-05-23T11:13:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T09:13:00","slug":"loi-bioethique-assistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/loi-bioethique-assistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Loi bio\u00e9thique : assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation et filiation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000043884384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La loi n\u00b02021-1017 du 2 ao\u00fbt 2021<\/a> relative \u00e0 la bio\u00e9thique revient sur la question de la filiation de <a href=\"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/les-conditions-de-garde-des-enfants\/\">l\u2019enfant<\/a> issu d\u2019une assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation. Les r\u00e8gles concernant la filiation de l\u2019enfant issu d\u2019une AMP avec tiers donneur sont reprises sans grands changements. Mais la loi introduit dans le Code civil un nouveau chapitre, comportant des dispositions concernant la filiation de l\u2019enfant issu d\u2019une AMP sollicit\u00e9e par un couple de femmes. Elle cr\u00e9e ainsi un nouveau mode d\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la filiation par reconnaissance conjointe. Ce faisant, elle tend \u00e0 assurer une stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 une filiation \u00e9tablie avec le concours de la biologie, puisque par hypoth\u00e8se l\u2019enfant n\u2019est pas biologiquement celui du couple.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Lien de filiation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du couple demandeur<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>En application du droit commun, la filiation maternelle r\u00e9sulte de la d\u00e9signation de la m\u00e8re dans l\u2019acte de naissance de l\u2019enfant. La filiation paternelle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du mari r\u00e9sulte quant \u00e0 elle de la pr\u00e9somption de paternit\u00e9 s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un couple mari\u00e9. Dans le cas d\u2019un couple non mari\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la filiation paternelle n\u00e9cessite une reconnaissance de la part du concubin ou du partenaire.<\/p>\n<p>Le consentement donn\u00e9 \u00e0 une assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/procreation-medicalement-assistee-filiation\/\">procr\u00e9ation<\/a> avec tiers donneur tend \u00e0 interdire toute action en contestation de la filiation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du couple demandeur. M\u00eame si l\u2019enfant n\u2019est pas l\u2019enfant biologique du couple, le consentement rend sa filiation incontestable. Encore faut-il que le processus de l\u2019AMP soit pleinement respect\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, lorsque le consentement est priv\u00e9 d\u2019effet, une action en contestation devient possible. Cela vise principalement le cas d\u2019une r\u00e9tractation de la part de l\u2019un des membres du couple intervenue par \u00e9crit avant la r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019AMP, ou encore d\u2019un d\u00e9c\u00e8s dans le couple ou d\u2019un divorce.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Filiation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019un couple de femmes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>En ouvrant la procr\u00e9ation assist\u00e9e aux couples de femmes, le l\u00e9gislateur pose une situation qui rompt totalement avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 biologique. La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000043884384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">loi du 2 ao\u00fbt 2021<\/a> instaure un syst\u00e8me de filiation hybride et sp\u00e9cifique, ayant vocation \u00e0 s\u2019appliquer aux assistances m\u00e9dicales \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation r\u00e9alis\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le 4 ao\u00fbt 2021.<\/p>\n<p>La filiation de la femme qui accouche est \u00e9tablie classiquement par la simple indication de son nom dans l\u2019acte de naissance. Mais le l\u00e9gislateur impose une <a href=\"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/comment-reconnaitre-enfant\/\">reconnaissance<\/a> conjointe de l\u2019enfant devant le notaire, en m\u00eame temps que le couple exprime son consentement \u00e0 l\u2019AMP. Une fois la publicit\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019officier de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil, la filiation se trouve \u00e0 l\u2019abri de toute action en contestation et aucune autre filiation ne peut \u00eatre \u00e9tablie.<\/p>\n<p>Le texte pr\u00e9voit en outre un dispositif transitoire pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la situation fr\u00e9quente de couples de femmes qui se sont rendues \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger avant la publication de la loi pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une AMP qu\u2019elles ne pouvaient obtenir en France. Ainsi, pendant 3 ans \u00e0 compter de la publication de la loi, le l\u00e9gislateur ouvre ainsi une reconnaissance conjointe devant notaire, sur instruction du procureur de la R\u00e9publique, afin d\u2019\u00e9tablir un lien de filiation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la femme qui n\u2019a pas accouch\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Interdiction d\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un lien de filiation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du donneur<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Aucun lien de filiation ne peut \u00eatre \u00e9tabli entre l\u2019auteur du don de sperme, ovocyte ou embryon et l\u2019enfant issu de l\u2019AMP. En cela, l\u2019article 342-9 du Code civil reprend les termes de l\u2019ancien article 311-19 du m\u00eame code. De m\u00eame, le texte exclut toute action en responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du donneur.<\/p>\n<p>La loi bio\u00e9thique du 2 ao\u00fbt 2021 a n\u00e9anmoins ouvert \u00e0 l\u2019enfant issu d\u2019une assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation le droit de conna\u00eetre les donn\u00e9es et l\u2019identit\u00e9 de son parent biologique. Cela repr\u00e9sente un risque de confusion \u00e9vident dans l\u2019esprit des donneurs potentiels, comme des parents. Il est donc indispensable de faire preuve de p\u00e9dagogie pour expliquer que l\u2019acceptation de communiquer leur identit\u00e9 ne permet en aucune mani\u00e8re une action sur le plan de la filiation.<\/p>\n<p><em>Image: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/fr-fr\/@mart-production?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MART PRODUCTION<\/a>\u00a0provenant de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/fr-fr\/photo\/gens-femme-etre-assis-technologie-7089018\/?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pexels<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La loi n\u00b02021-1017 relative \u00e0 la bio\u00e9thique revient sur la question de la filiation de l\u2019enfant issu d\u2019une assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[277],"tags":[151,658,242,48,783,49],"class_list":["post-23249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-de-la-sante-droit-medical","tag-enfants","tag-filiation","tag-medecin","tag-medicale","tag-procreation-medicalement-assistee","tag-sante"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Loi bio\u00e9thique : assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation et filiation - Le blog Avoloi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Loi bio\u00e9thique : assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation et filiation - Quelles sont les r\u00e8gles ? 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