{"id":23114,"date":"2022-04-04T14:58:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T12:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/?p=23114"},"modified":"2022-04-04T14:58:00","modified_gmt":"2022-04-04T12:58:00","slug":"labus-de-faiblesse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/labus-de-faiblesse\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019abus de faiblesse | Mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019infraction du Code p\u00e9nal"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019infraction d\u2019abus de faiblesse est pr\u00e9vue par l\u2019article 223-15-2 du Code p\u00e9nal. Elle punit le fait de profiter de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019ignorance et de faiblesse d\u2019un mineur ou d\u2019un majeur particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable. L\u2019auteur conduit ainsi la victime \u00e0 agir de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9judiciable pour elle-m\u00eame. Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es sont souvent les premi\u00e8res victimes, mais pas seulement. Quelles sont les personnes recevables au d\u00e9p\u00f4t de la plainte ? Et comment caract\u00e9riser le d\u00e9lit<\/a> d\u2019abus de faiblesse pour en obtenir une sanction ? La r\u00e9ponse en 3 points.<\/p>\n

Personnes recevables au d\u00e9p\u00f4t de plainte<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Au travail, en famille ou dans le cadre d\u2019une relation commerciale, les hypoth\u00e8ses d\u2019un abus de faiblesse sont nombreuses. Mais on vise particuli\u00e8rement les visites \u00e0 domicile ou le d\u00e9marchage t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, au cours desquels un professionnel peut contraindre une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e ou vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 acheter un bien ou un service sans int\u00e9r\u00eat pour lui. De m\u00eame, pour toute transaction sign\u00e9e dans l\u2019urgence lorsque la victime signe sans pouvoir avoir l\u2019avis d\u2019un tiers. La d\u00e9pendance et la solitude sont souvent les points d\u2019accroches pour l\u2019auteur.

Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019un don extorqu\u00e9 sous la contrainte, d\u2018une vente forc\u00e9e ou d\u2019une procuration bancaire obtenue sans raison valable, la victime d\u2019un abus de faiblesse peut d\u00e9poser une plainte p\u00e9nale aupr\u00e8s du commissariat de police, de la gendarmerie nationale ou du Procureur de la R\u00e9publique.

De m\u00eame, les proches ou h\u00e9ritiers de la victime ont \u00e9galement int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir en justice pour d\u00e9noncer lorsqu\u2019ils subissent un pr\u00e9judice direct<\/a> caus\u00e9 par l\u2019infraction. Il peut par exemple s\u2019agir d\u2019un h\u00e9ritage dilapid\u00e9 du fait de d\u00e9tournements de liquidit\u00e9s ou comptes bancaires ou encore de donations d\u00e9guis\u00e9es.

Le d\u00e9lit d\u2019abus de faiblesse ouvre droit<\/a> \u00e0 une action dans un d\u00e9lai de 6 ans \u00e0 compter de la commission de l\u2019infraction. N\u00e9anmoins, les juges<\/a> ont retenu qu\u2019en mati\u00e8re d\u2019abus frauduleux proc\u00e9dant d\u2019un mode op\u00e9ratoire unique, la prescription ne commence \u00e0 courir qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du dernier pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement sur le patrimoine de la victime.<\/p>\n

\u00c9l\u00e9ments constitutifs du d\u00e9lit d\u2019abus de faiblesse<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le texte<\/a> vise 3 situations de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la victime, constituant l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment mat\u00e9riel de l\u2019infraction. Ainsi, l\u2019abus de faiblesse est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 lorsque :

– la victime est mineure ;
– la victime pr\u00e9sente un \u00e9tat de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 (\u00e2g\u00e9e, maladie, infirmit\u00e9, d\u00e9ficience physique ou psychique, \u00e9tat de grossesse) ;
– la victime est dans un \u00e9tat de d\u00e9pendance psychologique ou physique en raison de pressions graves exerc\u00e9es afin d\u2019alt\u00e9rer son jugement (notamment pour lutter contre les mouvements sectaires).

Toutefois, la situation de faiblesse de la victime ne se pr\u00e9sume pas du seul fait de l\u2019\u00e2ge avanc\u00e9 ou de son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Il revient \u00e0 la victime d\u2019\u00e9tablir la preuve de sa vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 au moyen de certificats m\u00e9dicaux (m\u00e9decin-traitant, psychologue, psychiatre, etc.), d\u2019attestations de t\u00e9moins (proches, amis, voisins, etc.) ou d\u2019un jugement du Juge des tutelles s\u2019il y a lieu lorsque la victime fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une mesure de protection (curatelle ou tutelle). De m\u00eame, cet \u00e9tat d\u2019ignorance ou de faiblesse de la victime doit r\u00e9ellement alt\u00e9rer son jugement.

Par ailleurs, le d\u00e9lit d\u2019abus de faiblesse n\u2019est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 que si l\u2019action frauduleuse conduit la victime \u00e0 accomplir un acte ou \u00e0 une abstention qui provoque un pr\u00e9judice grave pour elle-m\u00eame.

Enfin, les juges doivent caract\u00e9riser express\u00e9ment l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment intentionnel de l\u2019infraction. Cela suppose que les actes de l\u2019auteur sont guid\u00e9s par la volont\u00e9 d\u2019abuser de l\u2019\u00e9tat connu de faiblesse de sa victime. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve doivent donc d\u00e9montrer que l\u2019auteur a mis en place des pressions graves afin d\u2019alt\u00e9rer le jugement de la personne en \u00e9tat de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. Lorsque les faits ne r\u00e9unissent pas les conditions de l’abus de faiblesse, il est possible d\u2019agir sur le fondement d\u2019autres infractions comme le d\u00e9lit de pratique commerciale trompeuse.<\/p>\n

Sanction de l\u2019abus de faiblesse<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les personnes coupables d\u2019abus de faiblesse encourent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3 ans de prison et de 375 000 \u20ac d\u2019amende. Les complices d’un abus de faiblesse encourent d\u2019ailleurs la m\u00eame sanction. La peine est port\u00e9e \u00e0 5 ans d\u2019emprisonnement et 750 000 \u20ac d\u2019amende pour les infractions commises par le dirigeant d\u2019un mouvement sectaire (dont le but est de cr\u00e9er et d\u2019exploiter une d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de ses membres).

La peine peut \u00eatre assortie de sanctions compl\u00e9mentaires comme :

– L\u2019interdiction des droits civils et civiques ;
– L\u2019interdiction d\u2019exercer une fonction (publique ou professionnelle) \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de laquelle l\u2019infraction a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise ;
– La confiscation de l\u2019objet de l\u2019infraction (chose d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e ou financ\u00e9e par les fonds extorqu\u00e9s).<\/p>\n

Photo : Andrea Piacquadio<\/a>\u00a0provenant de\u00a0Pexels<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La lois punit le fait de profiter de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019ignorance et de faiblesse d\u2019un mineur ou d\u2019un majeur particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[170,631,37,187,172],"class_list":["post-23114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-penal","tag-abus-de-faiblesse","tag-code-penal","tag-penal","tag-prejudice","tag-victime"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019abus de faiblesse | Mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019infraction du Code p\u00e9nal - Le blog Avoloi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019abus de faiblesse | Mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019infraction du Code p\u00e9nal - Quelles sont les personnes recevables au d\u00e9p\u00f4t de la plainte ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/labus-de-faiblesse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cr\u00e9dit immobilier : des dur\u00e9es d'emprunt plus longues face aux nouvelles r\u00e8gles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pr\u00eat immobilier et nouvelles r\u00e8gles. 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