{"id":23102,"date":"2022-03-25T11:55:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T10:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/?p=23102"},"modified":"2022-03-25T11:55:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T10:55:00","slug":"erreur-obstetricale-prejudice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/erreur-obstetricale-prejudice\/","title":{"rendered":"Erreur obst\u00e9tricale et r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019erreur obst\u00e9tricale et ses cons\u00e9quences sur la sant\u00e9 de l\u2019enfant posent de nombreuses questions dans la pratique. Faute professionnelle, calcul des indemnit\u00e9s d\u2019un enfant lourdement handicap\u00e9 ou mise en \u00e9vidence le lien de causalit\u00e9 entre le pr\u00e9judice d\u2019un handicap et la faute m\u00e9dicale\u2026 Deux arr\u00eats r\u00e9cents reviennent sur ces questions : l\u2019un rendu le 14 f\u00e9vrier 2022 par la Cour administrative d\u2019appel de Versailles et l\u2019autre rendu par la Cour d\u2019appel de Paris le 28 octobre 2021.<\/p>\n

Recherche d\u2019une faute m\u00e9dicale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Lors d\u2019un incident survenu en salle d\u2019accouchement, les juges se basent sur une expertise m\u00e9dicale afin de v\u00e9rifier l\u2019existence d\u2019une erreur de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement ou de l\u2019\u00e9quipe en place. Le point de vue des experts est n\u00e9cessaire pour faire reconna\u00eetre la faute du personnel m\u00e9dical et solliciter une indemnisation pour le pr\u00e9judice subi.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est le cas notamment lorsque les conditions de l\u2019accouchement et le suivi n\u00e9onatal laissent appara\u00eetre une n\u00e9gligence fautive, comme un d\u00e9faut d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation du monitoring f\u0153tal. L\u2019expertise permet alors de mettre en \u00e9vidence un manquement de discernement de l\u2019\u00e9quipe, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant qu\u2019elle aurait d\u00fb prendre les dispositions pour un accouchement d\u2019urgence par c\u00e9sarienne.<\/p>\n

Lien de causalit\u00e9 avec la perte de chance d\u2019\u00e9viter les s\u00e9quelles<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Comment n\u00e9anmoins \u00e9tablir un lien juridique entre la n\u00e9gligence m\u00e9dicale<\/a> et les s\u00e9quelles neurologiques de l\u2019enfant imputables \u00e0 l\u2019emploi de ventouse par exemple ? On se base sur le terrain de la perte de chance d\u2019\u00e9viter les s\u00e9quelles. Mais le lien de causalit\u00e9 entre les faits et le pr\u00e9judice subi par l\u2019enfant<\/a> fait l\u2019objet de contestations fr\u00e9quentes en pratique.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019affaire port\u00e9e devant le tribunal administratif, le juge consid\u00e8re que les conditions de la naissance et le suivi n\u00e9onatal sont fautifs, et que ces fautes sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une perte de chance d\u2019\u00e9viter la survenance du dommage \u00e0 l\u2019origine des s\u00e9quelles. En appel, le juge administratif confirme l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation du premier juge. Il vise ainsi un retard fautif dans l\u2019extraction du f\u0153tus. Il rel\u00e8ve qu\u2019en raison des fautes commises lors de la surveillance de l\u2019accouchement, la victime a subi une asphyxie qui lui a fait perdre des chances d\u2019\u00e9viter l\u2019h\u00e9morragie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale \u00e0 l\u2019origine des s\u00e9quelles. De fait, le d\u00e9roulement de l\u2019accouchement r\u00e9v\u00e8le une faute de nature \u00e0 engager la responsabilit\u00e9 du m\u00e9decin.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019affaire port\u00e9e devant les instances judiciaires, le juge consid\u00e8re que l\u2019\u00e9quipe en charge de l\u2019accouchement n\u2019a pas apport\u00e9 les soins n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la patiente, en consid\u00e9ration des donn\u00e9es acquises de la science. Le tribunal retient donc la responsabilit\u00e9 solidaire de l\u2019obst\u00e9tricien et de la sage-femme. Mais le lien de causalit\u00e9 entre le comportement fautif de la sage-femme et les complications c\u00e9r\u00e9brales de l\u2019enfant est remis en cause devant la Cour d\u2019appel. Si les deux expertises judiciaires s\u2019accordent sur l\u2019existence de fautes de la sage-femme de ne pas avoir appel\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9e le gyn\u00e9cologue obst\u00e9tricien, la cour d\u2019appel retient seulement la responsabilit\u00e9 du m\u00e9decin, fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019extraction fautive par ventouse et chiffre la perte de chance de l\u2019enfant \u00e0 98 %. C\u2019est l\u2019acte du m\u00e9decin<\/a> qui est retenu comme celui \u00e0 l\u2019origine des s\u00e9quelles de l\u2019enfant. Le juge r\u00e9fute en revanche un lien de causalit\u00e9 entre la n\u00e9gligence de la sage-femme et l\u2019absence de recours \u00e0 une c\u00e9sarienne qui aurait permis d\u2019\u00e9viter les complications c\u00e9r\u00e9brales.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Il est difficile de faire une analyse compl\u00e8te du pr\u00e9judice tant que la croissance de l\u2019enfant n\u2019est pas termin\u00e9e. Pourtant, m\u00eame si le dommage n\u2019est pas consolid\u00e9, les juges sont en mesure de confirmer les pr\u00e9judices d\u00e9j\u00e0 certains dans leur principe. Ils peuvent ainsi condamner les praticiens responsables au versement d\u2019une indemnit\u00e9 provisionnelle \u00e0 l\u2019enfant et de sommes \u00e0 chacun des parents.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice peut ainsi englober les difficult\u00e9s et frais li\u00e9s \u00e0 la scolarisation de l\u2019enfant dans un \u00e9tablissement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9, ainsi que les frais d\u2019aide \u00e0 la personne li\u00e9e au handicap. De m\u00eame, le pr\u00e9judice s\u2019entend du d\u00e9ficit fonctionnel temporaire, comme les troubles sensoriels, de langage et moteurs, et des souffrances temporaires endur\u00e9es. Enfin, la r\u00e9paration tient compte du pr\u00e9judice esth\u00e9tique li\u00e9 notamment aux cicatrices.<\/p>\n

Allocation d\u2019\u00e9ducation de l\u2019enfant handicap\u00e9<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019AEEF est une aide financi\u00e8re vers\u00e9e aux parents afin de compenser les d\u00e9penses li\u00e9es au handicap de l\u2019enfant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ses 20 ans. En principe, le montant de l\u2019AEEH ne doit pas \u00eatre d\u00e9duit de l\u2019indemnisation due par le tiers responsable, car cette allocation n\u2019a pas de caract\u00e8re indemnitaire. Pourtant, le juge administratif consid\u00e8re que ce montant doit \u00eatre d\u00e9duit de l\u2019indemnisation allou\u00e9e \u00e0 la victime, en vertu des principes qui r\u00e9gissent l\u2019indemnisation par une personne publique des victimes d\u2019un dommage dont elle doit r\u00e9pondre.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, dans le cas d\u2019une r\u00e9paration fond\u00e9e sur la perte de chance, l\u2019auteur de la faute peut \u00eatre tenu de ne r\u00e9parer qu\u2019une fraction du dommage corporel. Ainsi, la d\u00e9duction de l\u2019AEEH est exigible que si les montants cumul\u00e9s de l\u2019indemnisation et de l\u2019allocation exc\u00e8dent le montant total des frais d\u2019assistance par une tierce personne. Il est donc indispensable que l\u2019avocat proc\u00e8de syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 ce calcul afin de v\u00e9rifier si la chance perdue peut faire obstacle \u00e0 la d\u00e9duction de l\u2019AEEH.<\/p>\n

Image: Sharon McCutcheon<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019erreur obst\u00e9tricale et ses cons\u00e9quences sur la sant\u00e9 de l\u2019enfant posent de nombreuses questions dans la pratique. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[277],"tags":[320,137,187,368,49],"class_list":["post-23102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-de-la-sante-droit-medical","tag-faute","tag-faute-grave","tag-prejudice","tag-protection","tag-sante"],"yoast_head":"\nErreur obst\u00e9tricale et r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice - Le blog Avoloi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Erreur obst\u00e9tricale et r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice - Quelles sont les cons\u00e9quences d'une faute m\u00e9dicale ? 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