{"id":23009,"date":"2022-03-07T15:20:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T14:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/?p=23009"},"modified":"2022-03-07T15:20:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T14:20:00","slug":"la-preuve-en-matiere-de-cyber-harcelement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/la-preuve-en-matiere-de-cyber-harcelement\/","title":{"rendered":"La preuve en mati\u00e8re de cyber-harc\u00e8lement"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le cyber-harc\u00e8lement est un v\u00e9ritable ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. 20 % des jeunes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 8 \u00e0 18 ans sont expos\u00e9s au harc\u00e8lement en ligne, majoritairement les jeunes filles. Le harc\u00e8lement peut prendre des formes multiples, individuelles ou collectives. Mais il est plus difficile \u00e0 cerner lorsqu\u2019il prend la forme d\u2019une communication virale par le biais d\u2019un support \u00e9lectronique. Le harc\u00e8lement sur Internet est parfois un acte collectif, ce qui complique la chose sur le terrain de la preuve. A la fois pour d\u00e9montrer le pr\u00e9judice et \u00e0 la fois pour apporter la preuve des faits.<\/p>\n

Caract\u00e9riser le cyber-harc\u00e8lement<\/h2>\n

Il n\u2019existe pas de d\u00e9lit de cyber-harc\u00e8lement stricto sensu. Mais, depuis la Loi du 3 ao\u00fbt 2018<\/a> , le Code p\u00e9nal consid\u00e8re comme une circonstance aggravante l\u2019acte de harc\u00e8lement commis par le biais d\u2019un support num\u00e9rique. La peine encourue est alors port\u00e9e \u00e0 trois ans d\u2019emprisonnement et 45 000 \u20ac d\u2019amende. Le l\u00e9gislateur souhaite ainsi punir son caract\u00e8re potentiellement viral et les cons\u00e9quences aggrav\u00e9es qui en d\u00e9coulent. Il peut \u00eatre d\u2019ordre sexuel ou moral.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9finition du harc\u00e8lement<\/h3>\n

Le Code p\u00e9nal d\u00e9finit le harc\u00e8lement sexuel comme le fait d\u2019imposer \u00e0 une personne, de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e, des propos ou comportements \u00e0 connotation sexuelle ou sexiste. Ces agissements d\u00e9gradants ou humiliants sont de nature \u00e0 porter atteinte \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 de la personne. Et cr\u00e9ent une situation d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9e intimidante ou offensante.<\/p>\n

Ce d\u00e9lit est puni d\u2019une peine de deux ans d\u2019emprisonnement et de 30 000 \u20ac d\u2019amende.<\/p>\n

Le harc\u00e8lement moral consiste en des comportements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019une personne. Et qui ont pour objet ou pour effet de produire une d\u00e9gradation de ses conditions de vie. Notamment sur sa sant\u00e9 physique ou mentale. Il est puni d\u2019une peine d\u2019un an d\u2019emprisonnement et de 15 000 \u20ac d\u2019amende.<\/p>\n

Caract\u00e9risation du pr\u00e9judice<\/h3>\n

Pour caract\u00e9riser un pr\u00e9judice, il faut ainsi d\u00e9montrer le caract\u00e8re r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 des agissements ou concert\u00e9. Et s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un harc\u00e8lement de groupe et apporter la preuve d\u2019une d\u00e9gradation des conditions de vie de la victime.<\/p>\n

Ce dernier \u00e9l\u00e9ment repose g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur la production d\u2019un certificat m\u00e9dical par la victime, attestant de l\u2019atteinte \u00e0 sa sant\u00e9 physique ou mentale.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, la d\u00e9gradation des conditions de vie de la victime peut aussi se d\u00e9duire de la nature m\u00eame de propos injurieux ou de menaces de mort. Dans une affaire r\u00e9cente<\/a> de cyber-harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019une jeune fille, le tribunal correctionnel de Paris a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que des menaces de mort, des propos injurieux ou incitant \u00e0 porter atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique ou psychique de la victime constituaient n\u00e9cessairement une d\u00e9gradation de ses conditions de vie.<\/p>\n

Prouver l\u2019existence du harc\u00e8lement malgr\u00e9 la volatilit\u00e9 des contenus<\/h3>\n

Le cyber-harc\u00e8lement se manifeste au travers de contenus, \u00e9crits, photos ou vid\u00e9os, \u00e9chang\u00e9s au moyen de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, de r\u00e9seaux sociaux ou d\u2019espace de jeux en ligne. C\u2019est un acte agressif qui vise de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e une victime fragile qui ne peut se d\u00e9fendre seule. Il peut prendre des formes multiples comme les intimidations ou moqueries en ligne, la propagation de rumeurs, la publication de photos d\u00e9gradantes ou encore l\u2019usurpation d\u2019identit\u00e9. Il prend une dimension \u00e0 part compte tenu de sa port\u00e9e virale. Cette cyberviolence produit de graves cons\u00e9quences sur le bien-\u00eatre et la sant\u00e9 mentale des victimes. Or, il est souvent difficile pour la victime de d\u00e9montrer l\u2019existence des propos ou des comportements constitutifs d\u2019un cyber-harc\u00e8lement. En effet, les preuves sont volatiles et leurs auteurs peuvent les faire dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 tout moment.<\/p>\n

Sur le plan de la preuve, la simple capture d\u2019\u00e9cran est insuffisante et ne peut constituer qu\u2019un commencement de preuve par \u00e9crit. Il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable dans ce cas de faire dresser un proc\u00e8s-verbal de constat par huissier. Mais ce n\u2019est pas toujours \u00e9vident en pratique et des sites sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s voient ainsi le jour sur Internet. Quid de la valeur probatoire de ces pages web archiv\u00e9es dans l\u2019urgence pendant qu\u2019elles sont encore accessibles, pour prouver l\u2019existence d\u2019une image ou d\u2019un message ? Dans une jurisprudence r\u00e9cente (Cour d’appel de Paris, P\u00f4le 5 – chambre 11, 16 avril 2021, n\u00b0 18\/24048), les juges ont ainsi rappel\u00e9 que les constats \u00e9tablis au moyen de site internet sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 n\u2019ont pas la force probante d\u2019un acte d\u2019huissier et qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont \u00e0 ce titre que la valeur de renseignements qui peuvent \u00eatre corrobor\u00e9s par d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve. N\u00e9anmoins, cela augmente significativement la chance des victimes d\u2019obtenir r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n

Photo : Steinar Engeland<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le cyber-harc\u00e8lement est un v\u00e9ritable ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. 20 % des jeunes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 8 \u00e0 18 ans sont expos\u00e9s au harc\u00e8lement en ligne, majoritairement les jeunes filles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[818,415,37,819],"class_list":["post-23009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-penal","tag-cyber-harcelement","tag-harcelement","tag-penal","tag-preuves"],"yoast_head":"\nCyber-harc\u00e8lement : caract\u00e9riser et prouver l'harc\u00e8lement - Le blog Avoloi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cyber-harc\u00e8lement et droit : d\u00e9finition, caract\u00e9risation du pr\u00e9judice et les diff\u00e9rentes formes de cyber-harc\u00e8lement\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/la-preuve-en-matiere-de-cyber-harcelement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cr\u00e9dit immobilier : des dur\u00e9es d'emprunt plus longues face aux nouvelles r\u00e8gles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pr\u00eat immobilier et nouvelles r\u00e8gles. 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