{"id":20623,"date":"2021-01-27T15:27:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T14:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/?p=20623"},"modified":"2021-01-27T15:27:00","modified_gmt":"2021-01-27T14:27:00","slug":"infection-nosocomiale-indemnisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/infection-nosocomiale-indemnisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Infection nosocomiale en \u00e9tablissement de sant\u00e9 | Qualification et indemnisation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plusieurs milliers de personnes contractent chaque ann\u00e9e d’une infection nosocomiale \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de soins re\u00e7us en h\u00f4pital ou en clinique. Depuis 2002<\/a>, le dispositif l\u00e9gal et r\u00e9glementaires est tr\u00e8s favorable \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des victimes.<\/p>\n

Cela a d\u2019ailleurs pour effet connexe de favoriser la lutter active des \u00e9tablissements de soin contre le risque nosocomial. Le l\u00e9gislateur a souhait\u00e9 faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s des victimes \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration en leur permettant de mener seules leur action.<\/p>\n

Mais, il est difficile de s\u2019y retrouver dans cette proc\u00e9dure complexe, \u00e0 moins d\u2019\u00eatre un professionnel m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gal. Pour obtenir r\u00e9paration du dommage corporel, faut-il pouvoir qualifier l\u2019infection nosocomiale.<\/p>\n

Qualifier une infection nosocomiale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Identification de l\u2019infection<\/strong><\/h3>\n

L\u2019infection nosocomiale n\u2019est pas facile \u00e0 identifier. La plupart du temps, la victime ignore que sa contamination accidentelle peut \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9e d\u2019infection nosocomiale. Elle ignore \u00e9galement qu’elle peut obtenir une indemnisation. Selon le minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9<\/a>, l\u2019infection nosocomiale ou infection associ\u00e9e aux soins est celle contract\u00e9e au cours d\u2019un s\u00e9jour dans un \u00e9tablissement de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Elle est donc absente lors de l\u2019admission du patient dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement. On consid\u00e8re que l\u2019infection est contract\u00e9e dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement si elle se r\u00e9v\u00e8le au bout de 48 heures d\u2019hospitalisation. Si les sympt\u00f4mes apparaissent avant ce d\u00e9lai, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 en incubation avant l\u2019entr\u00e9e en soins.<\/p>\n

\u00c9valuation par un m\u00e9decin expert<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pour une personne \u00e9trang\u00e8re au monde de la m\u00e9decine, il est compliqu\u00e9 de d\u00e9terminer si un trouble de type douleur, fi\u00e8vre, fatigue rel\u00e8ve de la pathologie initiale ou bien s\u2019il est li\u00e9 \u00e0 une complication m\u00e9dicale. L\u2019intervention d\u2019un expert permet de d\u00e9terminer si l\u2019infection a \u00e9t\u00e9 contract\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019une hospitalisation.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9bat m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gal est trop sp\u00e9cifique pour qu\u2019une victime s\u2019y retrouve seule. La question est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement r\u00e9gl\u00e9e par des \u00e9changes entre experts judiciaires. Pour savoir si elle a droit \u00e0 une indemnisation, la victime doit pr\u00e9senter son dossier m\u00e9dical, ainsi qu\u2019une expertise pr\u00e9liminaire effectu\u00e9e par un m\u00e9decin<\/a> comp\u00e9tent.<\/p>\n

Indemnisation d\u2019une infection nosocomiale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

D\u00e9termination de dommages corporels<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le syst\u00e8me indemnise le pr\u00e9judice et non pas le fait d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victime d\u2019une infection. En cons\u00e9quence, seules les victimes de dommages corporels ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es \u00e0 une infection li\u00e9e aux soins peuvent \u00eatre indemnis\u00e9es. Ainsi, pour un patient qui contracte une maladie nosocomiale lors d\u2019une intervention chirurgicale, il ne peut \u00eatre indemnis\u00e9 que des complications m\u00e9dicales li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette infection et non pas de sympt\u00f4mes ind\u00e9pendants.<\/p>\n

Charge de la preuve<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pour obtenir r\u00e9paration, il faut donc prouver que les complications m\u00e9dicales sont directement li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019infection contract\u00e9e durant les soins et que cette infection a un caract\u00e8re nosocomial. Le d\u00e9bat m\u00e9dical est tr\u00e8s technique. Pour une infection contract\u00e9e dans un \u00e9tablissement de sant\u00e9<\/a>, c\u2019est \u00e0 ce dernier que revient la charge de la preuve. Il doit d\u00e9montrer que l\u2019infection ne lui est pas attribuable et qu\u2019elle r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est un syst\u00e8me \u00e9quitable qui prot\u00e8ge les patients. Il est par ailleurs tr\u00e8s incitatif pour les h\u00f4pitaux et cliniques. Il est dans leur int\u00e9r\u00eat de ma\u00eetriser du mieux possible le risque nosocomial. Notons qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019inverse, pour une infection contract\u00e9e hors \u00e9tablissement hospitalier, dans un cabinet m\u00e9dical par exemple, la charge de la preuve revient \u00e0 la victime. Ce qui rend la t\u00e2che plus difficile.<\/p>\n

Versement de l\u2019indemnisation apr\u00e8s une infection nosocomiale<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pour une infection contract\u00e9e dans un \u00e9tablissement de soins, l\u2019indemnisation est assum\u00e9e par l\u2019assureur de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de sant\u00e9 ou l\u2019Office national d\u2019indemnisation des accidents m\u00e9dicaux<\/a> qui organise une indemnisation amiable et rapide des victimes.<\/p>\n

Lorsque la proc\u00e9dure d\u00e9montre que l\u2019infection nosocomiale survient du fait de la faute du centre de soins, l’indemnisation de la victime est vers\u00e9e par le responsable et son assureur. Lorsque la victime contracte une infection nosocomiale, hors la faute de l\u2019h\u00f4pital ou de la clinique, il faut analyser l\u2019ampleur du dommage.<\/p>\n

Pour un d\u00e9ficit fonctionnel permanent inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 25 %, l\u2019assureur fait une proposition d\u2019indemnisation. Toutefois, si la victime n’est pas satisfaite, elle peut saisir l\u2019Office national ou la juridiction comp\u00e9tente. En revanche, si le d\u00e9ficit est d\u2019au moins 25 %, c\u2019est l\u2019ONIAM qui est charg\u00e9 d\u2019indemniser, au titre de la solidarit\u00e9 nationale. Et dans tous les cas, en cas de faillite de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement, l\u2019ONIAM est comp\u00e9tent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plusieurs milliers de personnes contractent chaque ann\u00e9e une infection nosocomiale…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[277],"tags":[214,533,602,161,643,242,178,644,49,604],"class_list":["post-20623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-de-la-sante-droit-medical","tag-accident","tag-dommage","tag-hopitaux","tag-indemnisation","tag-infections-nosocomiales","tag-medecin","tag-patient","tag-preuve","tag-sante","tag-soins"],"yoast_head":"\nInfection nosocomiale en \u00e9tablissement de sant\u00e9 : l'indemnisation - Le blog Avoloi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu'est-ce qu'une infection nosocomiale ? Comment les caract\u00e9riser ? Quand font elles l'objet d'indemnisation ? 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