{"id":20360,"date":"2020-11-18T11:37:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T10:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avoloi.eu\/?p=20360"},"modified":"2020-11-18T11:37:00","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T10:37:00","slug":"vente-reticence-dolosive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avoloi.fr\/blog\/vente-reticence-dolosive\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de la r\u00e9ticence dolosive se fait au moment de la formation du contrat de vente (Cass. 3e civ. 23-9-2020 n\u00b0 19-18.598)"},"content":{"rendered":"

La dissimulation d\u2019une infraction aux r\u00e8gles d\u2019urbanisme par le vendeur est constitutive d\u2019une r\u00e9ticence dolosive lors d’une vente immobili\u00e8re. La r\u00e9ticence dolosive est qualifi\u00e9e d\u00e9sormais de dissimulation intentionnelle par le nouveau code civil. En vertu du droit commun des contrats<\/a>, elle s\u2019appr\u00e9cie au moment de la formation du contrat de vente. Le fait que l\u2019auteur de l\u2019infraction soit condamn\u00e9, apr\u00e8s la formation du contrat de vente, \u00e0 modifier la configuration des lieux est sans incidence sur la reconnaissance du vice de consentement. Peu importe donc que le vendeur ait eu connaissance au moment de la formation du contrat de ce qu’il risquait en raison de cette infraction, d\u00e8s lors qu’il avait re\u00e7u les proc\u00e8s-verbaux d’infraction et qu’il les avait dissimul\u00e9s \u00e0 l’acheteur.<\/p>\n

I. Les faits<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La 3e chambre civile de la Cour de cassation a rendu un arr\u00eat le 23 septembre 2020. \u00c9tait en cause la vente d\u2019un appartement en rez-de-jardin avec vue sur la mer. Le vendeur avait proc\u00e9d\u00e9 avant la vente a fait excaver le terrain et abattre les arbres afin de d\u00e9gager la vue. Ceci est constitutif d\u2019une infraction aux r\u00e8gles du droit de l\u2019urbanisme, ce qu\u2019ignorait le vendeur. Apr\u00e8s la vente, le vendeur est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 remettre en l\u2019\u00e9tat les lieux, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 rehausser le terrain et \u00e0 replanter des arbres.<\/p>\n

II. La proc\u00e9dure<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019acheteur perdant ainsi le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice d\u2019une vue imprenable sur la mer demande la nullit\u00e9 du contrat de vente pour dol.<\/p>\n

L\u2019acheteur est d\u00e9bout\u00e9 d\u2019appel. En effet, la cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Aix-en-Provence rel\u00e8ve que le vendeur n\u2019avait pas connaissance au moment de la vente de la nature de la condamnation dont il ferait l\u2019objet.<\/p>\n

III. La solution<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La Cour de cassation casse et annule l\u2019arr\u00eat rendu par la cour d\u2019appel en rappelant que le dol s\u2019appr\u00e9cie au moment de la formation du contrat. Peu importe que le vendeur ignore, \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, qu\u2019il soit dans l\u2019obligation de remettre les lieux en l\u2019\u00e9tat.<\/p>\n

IV. L\u2019analyse<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le dol est un vice de consentement<\/a> au m\u00eame titre que l\u2019erreur et la violence. Un vice de consentement est reconnu comme tel lorsque l\u2019une des parties n\u2019aurait pas contract\u00e9 ou l\u2019aurait fait \u00e0 des conditions substantiellement diff\u00e9rentes (article 1130 du code civil).<\/p>\n

Le dol consiste en des man\u0153uvres et des mensonges \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019autre partie afin d\u2019obtenir son consentement. Le dol peut \u00eatre un acte positif par l\u2019utilisation d\u2019artifices ou tout simplement par une simple affirmation erron\u00e9e. Un dol peut par exemple consister en l’annexion \u00e0 la promesse de vente d\u2019un contrat de bail alors qu’il n’existe aucune location en cours au jour de la passation de l’acte (Cass. 3e civ. 11 Fev. 2014 n\u00b0 12-29.986<\/a>). Autre exemple, le dol peut consister en la d\u00e9livrance d’informations inexactes sur la surface d’un bien (CA Paris 14-10-1999, 2e ch. B).<\/p>\n

Mais le dol peut consister \u00e9galement en une dissimulation intentionnelle d\u2019une information d\u00e9terminante pour l\u2019autre partie (article 1137 du code civil). Cette dissimulation intentionnelle peut \u00eatre \u00e9galement qualifi\u00e9e de r\u00e9ticence dolosive, entendu comme le silence du contractant.<\/p>\n

Quelle que soit la nature du dol, le but poursuivi par son auteur est d’abuser l’autre partie. Le dol constitue ainsi en une tromperie qui trouble la rencontre des volont\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce\u00a0; si le vendeur ignorait qu\u2019il serait contraint de remettre en l\u2019\u00e9tat les lieux et ainsi priver l\u2019acheteur de la vue sur la mer dont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait l\u2019appartement\u00a0; il avait connaissance de l\u2019infraction qui lui est imputable. En omettant d\u2019en informer l\u2019acheteur, le vendeur a fait preuve de r\u00e9ticence dolosive.<\/p>\n

Le dol est une cause de nullit\u00e9 du contrat lorsque le dol \u00e9mane du cocontractant. Il doit \u00eatre prouv\u00e9 par la partie qui l\u2019invoque. Ce contractant peut choisir entre annuler le contrat ou le maintenir en exigeant par ailleurs des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La dissimulation d\u2019une infraction aux r\u00e8gles d\u2019urbanisme par le vendeur est constitutive d\u2019une r\u00e9ticence dolosive … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[451,559,6,560,561,89],"class_list":["post-20360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-de-limmobilier","tag-cour-de-cassation","tag-dol","tag-immobilier","tag-nullite","tag-reticence-dolosive","tag-vente"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9ticence dolosive et contrat de vente -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A quel moment peut-on consid\u00e9rer qu'il y a r\u00e9ticence dolosive pour une vente immobili\u00e8re ? 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